My Life, ed. I. Ramet (London, 2007), p. 173.

904

Там же, с. 67.

905

См. J. Sweig, Inside the Cuban Revolution. Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground (Cambridge, Mass., 2002).

906

Кастро, l января 1959 года, цит. по М. Perez-Stable, The Cuban Revolution. Origins, Course and Legacy (New York, 1999), p. 61.

907

Че Гевара Жану Даниэлю, 14 декабря 1957 года, в С. Franqui, Diary of the Cuban Revolution (New York, 1980), p. 269.

908

Цит. по Н. Matthews, Castro. A Political Biography (London, 1969), p. 141.

909

H. Thomas, Cuba. The Pursuit of Freedom (New York, 1971), pp. 1215—18.

910

A. Kapcia, Cuba. Island of Dreams (Oxford, 2000), pp. 103—4.

911

Castro, My Life, p. 195.

912

Perez-Stable, The Cuban Revolution, pp. 7—9.

913

Там же, с. 69.

914

Цит. по Anderson, Che Guevara, pp. 388—90.

915

Т. Szulc, Fidel. A Critical Portrait (London, 1987), p. 416.

916

P. Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions. Havana, Washington and Africa, 1959—1976 (Chapel Hill, 2002), p. 18.

917

A. Fursenko and T. Naftali, “One Hell of a Gamble”. Khrushchev, Castro and Kennedy, 1958—1964 (New York, 1997), P. 39.

918

Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions, p. 18.

919

«Свободная Бельгия», 14 октября 1960, цит. по S. Weissman, American Foreign Policy in the Congo, 1960—1964 (Ithaca, 1974), p. 116.

920

Об этом см. Michael E. Latham, Modernization as Ideology: American Social Science and Nation Building in the Kennedy Era (Chapel Hill, 2000).

921

«Революсьон», 20 ноября 1959 года, в S. Balfour, Castro (London, 1990), p. 80.

922

Интервью с Жаном Даниэлем, 25 июля 1963, цит. по М. Lijwy, The Marxism of Che Guevara. Philosophy, Economics and Revolutionary Warfare, 2nd edn (Lanham, 2007), p. 59.

923

J. Bunck, Fidel Castro and the Quest for a Revolutionary Culture (University Park, Pa, 1994), pp. 23—7.

924

R. Fagen, The Transformation of Political Culture in Cuba (Stanford, 1969), p. 53.

925

A. Kapcia, Cuba in Revolution. A History since the Fifties (London, 2008), ch.6.

926

Anderson, Che Guevara, p. 453.

927

Цит. по С. Brundenius, Economic Growth, Basic Needs and Income Distribution in Revolutionary Cuba (Lund, 1981), p. 71.

928

Ricardo Rojo, quoted in Anderson, Che Guevara, p. 565.

929

Альберто Гранада, цит. там же.

930

Che Guevara, Guerrilla Warfare (London, 2003), pp. 10—11.

931

Цит. по Fursenko and Naftali, “One Hell of a Gamble, p. 21.

932

Альфредо Манейро, цит. по Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions, p. 22.

933

Любен Перкофф, цит. по Richard Gott, Guerrilla Movements in Latin America (Oxford, 2008), p. 111.

934

См. Т. Wickham-Crowley, “Winners, Losers and Also-Rans: Toward a Comparative Sociology of Latin American Guerrilla Movements”, in S. Eckstein (ed.), Power and Popular Protest. Latin American Social Movements (Berkeley, 2001), pp. 138—41; Т. Wickham-Crowley, Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America. A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956 (Princeton, 1992).

935

A. Angell, “The Left in Latin America since с 1920”, in L. Benthall (ed.), Latin America: Politics and Society since 1930 (Cambridge, 1998), p. 110.

936

C. Johnson, Communist China and Latin America, 1959—1967 (New York, 1970).

937

Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions, pp. 81—4.

938

Лучио Лара, цит. там же, с. 83.

939

Gleijeses, Conflicting Missions, p. 84.

940

E. Guevara, The African Dream. The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo (London, 2001), pp. 6—8.

941

Julius Nyerere, Ujamaa — Essays on Socialism (Dar-es-Salaam, 1968), p. 11.

942

Kwame Nkrumah, Revolutionary Path (New York, 1973), p. 30.

943

M. Radu and K. Somerville, The Congo’, in С Allen, M. Radu and K. Somerville (eds.), Benin, the Congo and Burkina Faso. Politics, Economics and Society (London, 1989), pp. 159,164—8.

944

Pepetela, Mayombe (London, 1983), p. ii.

945

Там же, с. 2.

946

M. Hall and T. Young, Confronting Leviathan: Mozambique since Independence (London, 1997), pp. 5—11; D. Birmingham, Frontline Nationalism in Angola and Mozambique (London, 1992), pp. 15—17.

947

P. Chabal, Amilcar CabraL Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War (Cambridge, 1983), p. 41.

948

Там же, с. 87.

949

J. Marcum, The Angolan Revolution. Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962—1976) (Cambridge, Mass., 1978), pp. 48—51.

950

A. Drew, “Bolshevizing Communist Parties: The Algerian and South African Experience”, in International Research in Social History 48 (2003), p. 192.

951

D. Fortescue, “The Communist Party of South Africa and the African Class in the 1940s”, International Journal of African Historical Studies 24 (1991), pp. 481—512.

952

D. Everatt, “Alliance Politics of a Special Type: The Roots of the ANC/SACP Alliance, 1950—54” Journal of Southern African Studies 18 (1992), pp. 32—8.

953

A. Gresh, “The Free Officers and the Comrades: The Sudanese Communist Party and Nimeiri Face to Face, 1969—1971”, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 21 (1989), p. 395. См. также G. Warburg, Islam, Nationalism and Communism in a Traditional Society: The Case of Sudan (London, 1978).

954

R. Mortimer, Indonesian Communism under Sukarno. Ideology and Politics, 1959—1965 (Ithaca, 1974), pp. 366—7.

955

См., например, Stephen M. Streeter, “Nation Building in the Land of Eternal Counterinsurgency: Guatemala and the Contradictions of the Alliance for Progress”, Third World Quarterly 27 (2006), pp. 57—68.

956

M. Leffler, For the Soul of All Mankind. The United States, the Soviet Union and the Cold War (New York, 2007), p. 211. Об одержимом отношении к собственному унижению см. F. Logevall, Choosing War. The Lost Chance for Peace and the Escalation of War in Vietnam (Berkeley, 1999), p. 393.

957

Mortimer, Indonesian Communism, ch. 7.

958

До сих пор существуют разногласия по поводу роли коммунистов в этом перевороте. См. Н. Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia, 2nd edn (Ithaca, 1988), ch.4; J. M. Van der Kroef, “Origins of the 1965 Coup in Indonesia: Probabilities and Alternatives”, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 3 (1972), pp. 277—98; Mortimer, Indonesian Communism, pp. 413—41.

959

О причинах жестокости см. R. Cribb, “Unresolved Problems in the Indonesian Killings of 1965—1966”, Asian Survey 42,4 (2002), pp. 550—63. Статистику см. там же, сс. 558—9.

960

Ростоу Джонсону, 11 октября 1967 года, цит. по О. A. Westad, The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times (Cambridge, 2005), p. 178.

961

К. Verdery, “National Ideology under Socialism: Identity and Cultural Politics in Ceausescu’s Romania (Berkeley, 1991)” pp. 174—6.

962

Об этой идеологической перемене см. Francois Fejto, A History of the People’s Democracies: Eastern Europe since Stalin, trans. D. Weissbort (London, 1971), pp. 76 ff.

963

R. Stone, Satellites and Commissars. Strategy and Conflict in the Politics of Soviet-Bloc Trade (Princeton, 1996), pp. 30—1.

964

Vladimir Tismaneanu, Stalinism for All Seasons: a Political History of Romanian Communism (Berkeley, 2003), ch. 1.

965

Цит. по М. Fischer, Nicolae Ceau§escu. A Study in Political Leadership (London, 1989), p. 85.

966

Fischer, Ceau§escu, p. 151, ch. 7.

967

A. Gabanyi, “Nicolae Ceauşescu and his Personality Cult”, in A. Gabanyi, The Ceauşescu Cult: Propaganda and Power Policy in Communist Romania (Bucharest, 2000), p. 18.

968

A. Janos, East Central Europe in the Modern World. The Politics of the Borderlands from pre. to post-Communism (Stanford, 2000), p. 302.

969

D. Deletant, Ceau§escu and the Securitate: Coercion and Dissent in Romania, 1965—1989 (London, 1995), pp. 154—6.

970

M. Vickers, The Albanians: A Modern History (London, 1995), p. 196.

971

P. Lendvai, Eagles in Cobwebs. Nationalism and Communism in the Balkans (London, 1969), p. 196.

972

A. Buzo, The Guerrilla Dynasty: Politics and Leadership in North Korea (London, 1999), p. 59.

973

Kim il Sung, On the Three Principles of National Unification (Pyongyang, 1972), p. 3.

974

Взгляд на корейское общество, подчеркивающий силу стратификации, см. в H.-L. Hunter, Kim Il-Song’s North Korea (Westport, 1999), ch. 1. Взгляд, подчеркивающий толерантность и объединение, см. в В. Cumings, “The Last Hermit”, New Left Review 6 (2000).

975

О подробностях повседневной жизни см. в Hunter, Kim Il-Song, pp. 173—4.

976

A. Horvath and A. Szakolczai, The Dissolution of Communist Power: the Case of Hungary (London, 1992), pp. 62—3.

977

B. Denitch, The Legitimation of a Revolution: the Yugoslav Case (New Haven, 1976), p. 94.

978

Deletant, Ceauşescu and the Securitate, pp. 212—16.

979

L. Siegelbaum, “The Faustian Bargain of the Soviet Automobile”, in PEECS papers No. 24 (Trondheim, 2008), p. 1.

980

Цит. по J. Zatlin, “The Vehicle of Desire: The Trabant, the Wartburg, and the End of the GDR”, German History 15, 3 (1997), p. 358.

981

Там же, с. 359.

982

M. Burawoy and J. Lukacs, The Radiant Past: Ideology and Reality in Hungary’s Road to Capitalism (Chicago, 1992), pp. 125—6.

983

Основной аргумент венгерского экономиста Яноша Корнай, Economics of Shortage (Amsterdam, 1980).

984

S. Goodman, “Soviet Computing and Technology Transfer: An Overview”, World Politics 31 (1979), p. 567.

985

S. Kotkin, Armageddon Averted. The Soviet Collapse, 1970—2000 (Oxford, 2000), pp. 63—4.

986

N. Shmelev, in S. Cohen and K. Van den Heuvel, Voices of Glasnost Interviews with Gorbachev’s Reformers (New York, 1989), p. 149.

987

J. Kopstein, The Politics of Economic Decline in East Germany, 1945—1989 (Chapel Hill, 1997), p. 190.

988

П. Шелест. «Он умел вести аппаратные игры, а страну забросил…» / Ю. Аксютин. Брежнев: Материалы к биографии. М., 1991. С. 218.

989

Z. Mlynaf, Night Frost in Prague: the End of Humane Socialism, trans. P. Wilson (London, 1980), p. 86.

990

Kotkin, Armageddon Averted, p. 50.

991

Цит. по Kopstein, Politics, p. 43.

992

См. там же, глава 2.

993

Mlynaf, Night Frost, p. 66.

994

G. Golan, Reform Rule in Czecholovakia: the Dubcek Era, 1968—1969 Cambridge, 1973), pp. 230—1.

995

Jaromir Navratil, The Prague Spring 1968: A National Security Archive Documents Reader, trans. M. Kramer et al. (Budapest, 1998), pp. 20—2.

996

Mlynaf, Night Frost, p. 82—6.

997

Там же, с. 44.

998

J. Satterwhite, “Marxist Critique and Czechoslovak Reform”, in R. Taras (ed.), The Road to Disillusion. From Critical Marxism to Postcommunism in Eastern Europe (Armonk, NY, 1992), pp. 115—34.

999

J. Piekalkiewicz, Public Opinion Polling in Czechoslovakia, 1968—69: Results and Analysis of Surveys Conducted during the DubcekEra (New York, 1972).

1000

A. Dubcek, Hope Dies Last. The Autobiography of Alexander Dubcek, trans. J. Hochman (London, 1993), p. 150.

1001

Navratil, The Prague Spring, p. 67.

1002

M. Kramer, “The Czechoslovak Crisis and the Brezhnev Doctrine”, in С Fink, P. Gassert and D. Junker (eds.), 1968: The World Transformed (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 121—45.

1003

M. Kundera, “Preface”, in J. Skvorecky, Mirakl (Paris, 1978), p. 4.

1004

A. Brown, The Gorbachev Factor (Oxford, 1996), pp. 30—1, 41.

1005

Цит. по R. Tokes, Hungary’s Negotiated Revolution: Economic Reform, Social Change, and Political Succession, 1957—1990 (Cambridge, 1996), p. 72.

1006

Kopstein, Politics, p. 81.

1007

V. Bunce, The Empire Strikes Back: The Evolution of the Eastern Bloc from a Soviet Asset to a Soviet Liability”, International Organization 39 (1985), p. 20.

1008

K. Poznanski, “Economic Adjustment and Political Forces: Poland since 1970”, International Organization 40 (1986), p. 457.

1009

Horvath and Szakolczai, The Dissolution of Communist Power.

1010

Там же, с. 110.

1011

К. Jarausch, “Care and Coercion. The GDR as Welfare Dictatorship”, in K. Jarausch (ed.), Dictatorship as Experience. Towards