противоречий во Флориде см. главу 13.

105

Farrand, Records of the Federal Convention, vol. 2, 200 ff.

106

Staughton Lynd, Class Conflict, Slavery and the United States Constitution (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1967). О дискуссии по поводу классовых интересов, стоящих за американской революцией, см. Alfred Young (ed.), The American Revolution: Explorations in the History of American Radicalism (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1977); and Edward Countryman, A People in Revolution (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1982).

107

Примеры для тех, кто путает широкие классовые интересы авторов Конституции с национальными, см. David Smith, The Convention and the Constitution (New York: St. Martins, 1965); см. также несколько статей Goldwin and Schambra (eds.), How Democratic Is the Constitution

108

Farrand, Records of the Federal Convention, vol. 1, xii-xv.

109

Federalist № 10.

110

Jackson Turner Main, The Antifederalists (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1961). Для подсчета по штатам см. Michael Gillespie and Michael Lienesch (eds.), Ratifying the Constitution (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1989). Вероятно, не более 20% взрослых белых мужчин голосовало за делегатов Конвентов, созванных для ратификации.

111

Этот раздел о прогрессивных особенностях Конституции взят, в основном, из работы Aptheker, Early Years of the Republic, 71 ff. and passim.

112

Andrew Lipscomb (ed.), The Writings of Thomas Jefferson (New York: Putnam, 1897), vol. 15,112.

113

Edward Pessen, Riches, Class and Power before the Civil War (Lexington, Mass.: D. C. Heath, 1973), 278, 304 и Howard Zinn, A People’s History of the United States (New York: Harper 8c Row, 1980), 125-29.

114

Edward Pessen, The Many FacetedJacksonian Era (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1977), 7-31; Otto L. Bettmann, The Good Old Days — They Were Terrible (New York: Random House, 1974), 152-53.

115

Zinn, A People’s History, 216; Richard Boyer and Herbert Morais, Labor’s Untold Story (New York: United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, 1971), 25 and passim; John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of the Children (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1968, originally 1906).

116

Цитата из Дэвида Монтгомери (David Montgomery) приводится в работе Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 221. A comprehensive study is Philip Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States, vols. 1-6 (New York: International Publishers, 1947, 1955, 1964, 1965, 1980,1981).

117

Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 216. См. Sidney Fine, Laissez-Faire and the General-Welfare State (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1964) для описания капиталистической, антимарксистской ортодоксии в США в конце XIX столетия и ее контроля над бизнесом, законодательством, экономикой, преподаванием в университетах и религией.

118

Этот и другие примеры насилия в корпоративном государстве см. Sidney Lens, Radicalism in America (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1969); Daniel Fusfeld, The Rise and Repression of Radical Labor in the United States 1877-1918 (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1985); Foner, History of the Labor Movement; Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story.

119

Matthew Josephson, The Robber Barons (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934), 365.

120

William Preston Jr., Aliens and Dissenters (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1963), 24.

121

Richard Grossman and Frank T. Adams, Taking Care of Business: Citizenship and the Charter of Incorporation (Cambridge, Mass.: Charter Ink., 1993); and Why Do Corporations Have More Rights Than You? (Areata, Calif.: Democracy Unlimited, n.d.).

122

«Пусть покупатель будет осмотрителен» — принцип торговли. Он заключается в том, что покупатель несет ответственность за проверку качества приобретаемого товара. (Примеч. пер.)

123

Morton Horowitz, The Transformation of American Law 1780-1860 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977).

124

Josephson, The Robber Barons, 395.

125

Josephson, The Robber Barons, 52.

126

James S. Allen, Reconstruction: The Battle for Democracy, 1865-1876 (New York: International, 1937); Eric Foner, Reconstruction (New York: Harper 8c Row, 1988).

127

Прогрессивизм — политическая и экономическая платформа Прогрессивной партии. (Примеч. пер.)

128

Gabriel Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism (Chicago: Quadrangle, 1967), chapters 1 and 2.

129

Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism, 281.

130

Kolko, The Triumph of Conservatism, 283-84; see also Frank Harris Blighton, Woodrow Wilson and Co. (New York: Fox Printing House, 1916).

131

Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 180—81.

132

Paul Koistinen, «The Industrial-Military Complex’ in Historical Perspective», Journal of American History 56, March 1970, reprinted in Irwin linger (ed.), Beyond Liberalism (Waltham, Mass.: Xerox College Publishing, 1971), 228-29.

133

Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 184 and passim.

134

John Higham, Strangers in the Land (Piscataway, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1988), 212 and passim.

135

Robert Murray, Red Scare (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1955), 95-98; Christopher May, In the Name of War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989).

136

William Appleman Williams, «American Intervention in Russia: 1917—1920», in David Horowitz (ed.), Containment and Revolution (Boston: Beacon, 1967), 38.

137

Zinn, A People’s History, 376; исследование Института Брукингса, процитированное в работе Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 237.

138

Charles Eckert, «Shirley Temple and the House of Rockefeller», in Donald Lazare (ed.), American Media and Mass Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 174.

139

Rhonda Levine, Class Struggle and the New Deal (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988), 70.

140

Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, 249.

141

Цит. по Zinn, A People’s History, 378.

142

Irving Bernstein, Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker 1933-1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970) и Boyer and Morais, Labor’s Untold Story, passim.

143

Barton Bernstein, «The New Deal», в кн.: Barton Bernstein (ed.), Toward a New Past (New York: Pantheon, 1963), 269; Levine, Class Struggle and the New Deal, chapters 1 and 4.

144

Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, Regulating the Poor (New York: Pantheon, 1971), 76; также Bernstein, «The New Deal», 269-70.

145

Piven and Cloward, Regulating the Poor, chapters 2 and 3; Paul Conkin, The New Deal (New York: Crowell, 1967).

146

Piven and Cloward, Regulating the Poor, 46.

147

Gabriel Kolko, Wealth and Power in America (New York: Praeger, 1962), 31 и Conkin, The New Deal, 67.

148

Michael Goldfield, «Worker Insurgency, Radical Organization, and New Deal Labor Legislation», American Political Science Review 83, December 1989, 1258; Art Preis, Labor’s Giant Step (New York: Pioneer, 1964); Roger Keeran, The Communist Party and the Auto Workers’ Union (New York: International Publishers, 1981).

149

Bernstein, «The New Deal», 278-79.

150

Richard Boyer and Herbert Morais, Labor’s Untold Stary (New York: United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, 1972), 331-32, 339.

151

Mark Zepezauer and Arthur Naiman, Take the Rich off Welfare (Tucson, Ariz.: Odonian, 1996); Donald Bartlett and James Steele, «Corporate Welfare», Time, November 9, 16, and 23,1998; Janice Shields, Corporate Welf are and Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.: Inter-hemispheric Resource Center, 1999).

152

Zepezauer and Naiman, Take the Rich off Welfare, 75-77; «Department of Interior Looks the Other Way», Project on Government Oversight Reports, April 1995; and «The Airwaves: Al Gore’s Amazing Gift», Nation, March 10, 1997.

153

Ralph Nader Cuttign Corporate Welfare (New-York, Seven Stories, 2000), John Canham-Clyne, «Cut Corporate Welfare», Public Citizen, July/August 1995, 1, 9-11; Jonathan Dushoff, «Gold Plated Giveaways», Multinational Monitor, January/February 1993, 16-20.

154

Zepezauer and Naiman, Take the Rich off Welfare, 56-68.

155

Frank Kofsky, Harry S Truman and the War Scare of 1948 (New York: St. Martins, 1994).

156

«$62 Billion Bank Bailout in Mexico Incites Outrage as Critics Say It Helps the Rich», New York Times, July 31, 1998.

157

Peter Brewton, The Mafia, CIA Of George Bush (New York: Shapolsky, 1992); Washington Post, September 2, 1988, and May 27, 1990.

158

«Crony Capitalism», Nation, October 19, 1998, 3.

159

Bartlett and Steele, «Corporate Welfare»; survey of thirty cities by the U.S. Conference of Mayors, reported in San Francisco Bay Guardian, October 6, 1999; Joanna Cagan and Neil deMause, Field of Schemes: How the Great Stadium Swindle Turns Public Money into Private Profit (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1998).

160

Zepezauer and Naiman, Take the Rich off Welfare, 115-16.

161

Washington Post, March 3, 1988.

162

Savannah Blaekwell, «You Lose», San Francisco Bay Guardian, August 13, 1997.

163

Michael Haddigan, «Rockefeller Foundation Will Weigh in During Tax Debate», Arkansas Times, December 13, 1996.

164

New York Times, April 18, 1997.

165

Ken Silverstein, «Trillion-Dollar Hideaway», Mother Jones, December 2000.

166

New York Times, December 1, 1996.

167

Michael Phillips, «Taking Shelter», Wall Street Journal, August 4, 1999.

168

Wall Street Journal, October 10, 2000.

169

New York Times, July 29, 1996.

170

Отчет Управления общей бухгалтерской отчетности (GAO), San Francisco Examiner, April 15, 1999; Paul Sweeny, «Profiting from Tax-Proof Companies», New York Times, April 5, 1998.

171

«IRS Shifts Audit Focus from Rich to Poor», Associated Press report, April 16, 2000; David Cay Johnston’s reports in New York Times, April 13 and 18, 1997.

172

Статистическая информация Бюджетного управления Конгресса в газете New York Times, April 5, 1998.

173

«Money for Nothing», Nation, September 1, 1997, 5.

174

CTJNews, Citizens for Tax Justice, Washington, D.C., July 1999.

175

CTJ Update, Citizens for Tax Justice, November 1997.

176

Налогом с продаж по единому фиксированному тарифу облагается большой набор товаров и услуг. Акциз представляет собой налог на особые товары в размерах, определяемых специальными тарифами: налоги на автомобильный бензин и на сигареты являются акцизами.

177

Упоминается в Tax Notes, July 31,1995.

178

New York Times, September 1, 2000; and CTJ Update, April 2000.

179

«Кто платит? Анализ распределения налогов по 50 штатам». Citizens for Tax Justice, June 2000; <http://www.ctj.org>

180

Karl Marx, Capital vol. 1 (Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin, 1976), 919.

181

Tom Gervasi, The Myth of Soviet Military Supremacy (New York: Harper 8c Row, 1986); Fred Kaplan, Dubious Specter: A Skeptical Look at the Soviet Nuclear Threat (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Policy Studies, 1980).

182

Defense Monitor (публикация Центра оборонной информации (Center for Defense Information, Washington, D.C.)), №. 5, 2000.

183

Defense Monitor, no. 2, 2000.

184

«Last of the Big Time Spenders», Defense Monitor, №. 8, 1999, 3; Martha Honey, «Guns «R» Us», In These Times, August 11, 1997 и David McGowan, Derailing Democracy (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage, 2000), 95.

185

Christopher Kitchens, «Political Defense System», Nation, February 1, 1999; Josef Joffe, «A Warning from Putin and Schroder», New York Times, June 20, 2000; «U.S. Missile Defense Project May Spur China Nuke Buildup», Oakland Tribune, August 10, 2000.

186

Цит. по Karl Grossman, «U.S. Violates World Law to Militarize Space», Earth Island Journal, Winter/Spring 1999.

187

Объединенное космическое командование Вооруженных сил США (U.S. Space Command), Vision for 2020,1998, цит. no McGowan, Derailing Democracy, 196 (emphasis added); см. также Bruce Gagnon, «Pyramids to the Heavens: The Coming Battle for Control and Exploitation of Space», Toward Freedom, September/October 1999; см. также George and Meredith Friedman, The Future of War: Power, Technology ? American World Dominance in the 21st Century (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998).

188

Gar Smith and Clare Zichuhr, «Project HAARP: The Military’s Plan to Alter the Ionosphere», Earth Island Journal, Fall 1994; and Nick Begich and Jeane Manning, «Vandalism